Computer beeping codes | Beep codes | Short codes

Standard Original IBM POST Error Codes
Code Description

1 short beep System is OK
2 short beeps POST Error - error code shown on screen No beep Power supply or
 system board problem Continuous beep Power supply, system board, or keyboard
problem Repeating short beeps Power supply or system board problem
1 long, 1 short beep System board problem
1 long, 2 short beeps Display adapter problem (MDA, CGA)
1 long, 3 short beeps Display adapter problem (EGA)
3 long beeps 3270 keyboard card

IBM POST Diagnostic Code Descriptions
Code Description
100 - 199 System Board
200 - 299 Memory
300 - 399 Keyboard
400 - 499 Monochrome Display
500 - 599 Colour/Graphics Display
600 - 699 Floppy-disk drive and/or Adapter
700 - 799 Math Coprocessor
900 - 999 Parallel Printer Port
1000 - 1099 Alternate Printer Adapter
1100 - 1299 Asynchronous Communication Device, Adapter, or Port
1300 - 1399 Game Port
1400 - 1499 Colour/Graphics Printer
1500 - 1599 Synchronous Communication Device, Adapter, or Port
1700 - 1799 Hard Drive and/or Adapter
1800 - 1899 Expansion Unit (XT)
2000 - 2199 Bisynchronous Communication Adapter
2400 - 2599 EGA system-board Video (MCA)
3000 - 3199 LAN Adapter
4800 - 4999 Internal Modem
7000 - 7099 Phoenix BIOS Chips
7300 - 7399 3.5" Disk Drive
8900 - 8999 MIDI Adapter
11200 - 11299 SCSI Adapter
21000 - 21099 SCSI Fixed Disk and Controller
21500 - 21599 SCSI CD-ROM System

AMI BIOS Beep Codes
Code Description

1 Short Beep System OK
2 Short Beeps Parity error in the first 64 KB of memory
3 Short Beeps Memory failure in the first 64 KB
4 Short Beeps Memory failure in the first 64 KB Operational of memory
or Timer 1 on the motherboard is not functioning
5 Short Beeps The CPU on the motherboard generated an error
6 Short Beeps The keyboard controller may be bad. The BIOS cannot switch to protected mode
7 Short Beeps The CPU generated an exception interrupt
8 Short Beeps The system video adapter is either missing, or its memory is faulty
9 Short Beeps The ROM checksum value does not match the value encoded in the BIOS
10 Short Beeps The shutdown register for CMOS RAM failed
11 Short Beeps The external cache is faulty
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Memory Problems
1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Video Card Problems

Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes
Note - Phoenix BIOS emits three sets of beeps, separated by a brief pause.
Code Description
1-1-3 CMOS read/write failure
1-1-4 ROM BIOS checksum error
1-2-1 Programmable interval timer failure
1-2-2 DMA initialisation failure
1-2-3 DMA page register read/write failure
1-3-1 RAM refresh verification failure
1-3-3 First 64k RAM chip or data line failure
1-3-4 First 64k RAM odd/even logic failure
1-4-1 Address line failure first 64k RAM
1-4-2 Parity failure first 64k RAM
2-_-_ Faulty Memory
3-1-_ Faulty Motherboard
3-2-4 Keyboard controller Test failure
3-3-4 Screen initialisation failure
3-4-1 Screen retrace test failure
3-4-2 Search for video ROM in progress
4-2-1 Timer tick interrupt in progress or failure
4-2-2 Shutdown test in progress or failure
4-2-3 Gate A20 failure
4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode
4-3-1 RAM test in progress or failure>ffffh
4-3-2 Faulty Motherboard
4-3-3 Interval timer channel 2 test or failure
4-3-4 Time of Day clock test failure
4-4-1 Serial port test or failure
4-4-2 Parallel port test or failure
4-4-3 Math coprocessor test or failure
Low 1-1-2 System Board select failure
Low 1-1-3 Extended CMOS RAM failure
Posted by diazkhan

EFI BIOS

Once the PC is turned on, the BIOS will check for almost ALL COMPONENTS. This time, the review process that occurs and how you can speed up your PC with just a few BIOS settings.

Booting a uniform system starting January 11, 1996. Several companies agreed to create a standard BIOS in the "BIOS Boot Specification." Until recently, the standard becomes the operating system for the system (the bootstrap loader) is still used to set the operating system.

When the operating system is always offered with new features, such as the BIOS is still first. That condition was intentional, the manufacturer does not offer a feature i cool "weird" in the BIOS because it is not unusual for these things can cause problems

The latest EFI BIOS supports native 64-bit and has a graphical interface. However, until recently, rarely PC equipped with EFI because it is not compatible with existing motherboards. Only Apple is using BIOS wear this type since 2006. How where you able to install Mac OS on a PC with an EFI-Electric

If all goes well, you will briefly hear "beep". For most users, this signal is a sign that the computer is in good condition and is ready to run PC operating systems. However, there are rarely find out what happened during the first second until the sound of "beep" sound. Power supply, CPU, RAM, hard disk connections, controllers, and motherboards, all checked by the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). This time, we look more closely, what is checked by the BIOS before the computer actually running the operating system.

BIOS that is used by even the newest computer has actually been to the annual age, but still the best. His successor was already available, that is EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) that supports 64-bit system so it is appropriate for future generations of PCs. Thanks to the graphical user interface, EFI easier than a computer configured with the current BIOS. This new super-new BIOS is used by computers Mac and PC use only slightly worn. How BIOS protocol that is used by almost 90 percent of today's computers, all featured here.

0.0300 seconds

Once the system is turned on, the first stage of the BIOS, the POST-Test (Power-On Self-Test) will be activated. This phase checks the core components of a computer, whether it is functioning correctly. Next, the BIOS will recognize the computers chipset.

1.7300 seconds

The first one was done the BIOS is reset the CPU. Here, the BIOS will decide NM-Interrupt-Line (non mask Able Interrrupt) to the CPU. For that, the BIOS will set the 7th bit in the I / O-Port 70h.

In almost the same time, the keyboard controller is also reset with the appropriate Bits Hard Reset after voltage is available. With Reset-Determination, the BIOS also checks whether the controller will only need a Soft-Reset. For that, the BIOS will read the appropriate bit in the keyboard controller. The advantage, Soft-Reset lasts a few milliseconds faster because the system only up to 64 KByte memory test.

2.6100 seconds

BIOS now examine its own systems by making a checksum consisting of all the bits on the chip. With the numbers that have been determined, the BIOS must produce "2000".

Furthermore, the PC sends an instruction to the keyboard controller. PC will perform other tests and defines a data buffer for programming command. Here, the BIOS will write a command byte and check the internal keyboard controller.

4.1100 seconds

Now, go into the chip CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Here are stored all the user-defined settings for the BIOS. Each time the boot, the BIOS will read the configuration from the CMOS chip. However, the data and settings are only stored in the chip while it is connected to the battery, just like RAM.

Here, the system also test the checksum the CMOS chip, the part that can be written in the BIOS. In addition, a checksum will be made. This process will detect whether a computer battery is damaged. When the battery is weak, the voltage is not sufficient to supply certain components in the CMOS chip. Users will know that user-defined settings in the BIOS and system time is reset.

4.6200 seconds

In a further step, the POST test-Timer Interrupt function of the duty to improve the function of allocating IRQ. IRQs (Interrupt Requests) is a command that will be sent to the CPU, for example by the hard disk or graphics card so that the processor knows that the data for processing already available. This request is always accompanied by the latency time which will adjust the time between the beginning of IRQ-Signal and data processing.

Next, the BIOS set the IRQ Vector-Table and load user-defined settings in the BIOS to the CMOS-Memory. Interrupt-Queries from the very first device received by the Programmable Interrupt Controller then forwarded to the CPU. Then terminate the command processor is running and confirm the interrupt on the Controller.

Then, the CPU read the IRQ numbers (Vector) accordingly from the Controller and use it as an index in the Interrupt-Vector-Table. This table contains the appropriate allocation for each IRQ, for example where the processes that have been implemented specifically for a particular device. Because of the limited number of available IRQ, on modern systems, multiple devices sharing an interrupt (Interrupt Sharing).

The problem is routine for an interrupt that must be executed by any such device drivers that have enabled the interrupt. This can cause problems if the driver is active for too long (because the drivers are not programmed in an optimal). Meanwhile, another device and then write into the buffer, which quickly filled and there will be overflow from a certain time. This process can cause data to be lost.

Therefore, in modern peripheral devices, operating systems provide a dynamic IRQ numbers.

PC Over Tighten: With BIOS Tricks

Better to use the new BIOS instead of buying a new PC. Typically, the BIOS- using Flash-EEPROMS (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and can be updated through software. However, you must be careful. Upgrading quite risky. When the update process does not run smoothly, your hardware will be damaged. On the other hand, updating the BIOS can provide much faster performance.

BIOS RECOVERY:

Many motherboards are equipped with an emergency system in the BIOS. When the update process is broken, will run system recovery. From here, you can run a file recovery.

BIOS-tuning:

With the right settings in the BIOS, you can increase your PC's performance significantly.

Generally, by making over-clock the CPU. Enter a value in the menu "Advanced | Configuration JumperFree | CPU Frequency", for example 20 MHz higher than those displayed in the BIOS. With this increase, the CPU temperature will not reach more than 60 degrees Celsius, while at peak load, the temperature does not exceed 90 degrees Celsius.

Improved performance was also obtained by setting the appropriate RAM. Go to the menu "Advanced | Chipset | North Bridge Configuration" and lower "CAS Latency" to "3". If Windows can not boot, restore the value to "4". In the same way, change also the value of "RAS # to CAS # Delay" and "RAS # Precharge". Set the "RAS # Activate to Precharge" to value "10". Principally, the lower the value, the faster computer performance.

4.8200 seconds

BIOS will test whether there is an error in the allocation Channel and Channel Address on the first MByte RAM. To that end, samples POST write data into RAM and then compare them. Currently, the system of checking and initializing the video adapter graphics card. First, examine the type of Video Adapter BIOS and run a battery of tests on the adapter and monitor. If any, error messages will be displayed on the screen.

5.0200 seconds

Furthermore, the turn-Controller DMA (Direct Memory Access). CPU and RAM databus connected with the motherboard via a Host-Bridge. Transactions on the bus generally occurs between the bridge and peripheral devices. Peripherals in order to process data quickly and peripherals hostbridge can access directly, without having to go through the RAM. For testing, the BIOS back to using the sample data. The system will write it into memory.

Keyboard device must also be tested. BIOS can now detect the keyboard is not functioning. NumLock button located in the right area of the keyboard will be active.

7.6300 seconds

Now, the BIOS go into the final test. BIOS re-examine the disk drives, hard disk, and connections, before handing control to the system to interrupt the boot loader-19. The task of this interrupt to load the operating system and monitor the hard disk data transfer along with its controller. Many versions of the BIOS to disable IRQ19 offer this feature. However, these features are only effective if the computer is equipped with an additional drive controller, such as a PCI-RAID-Controller.

If there are errors in self-test, beep signal will be sounded several times and error messages displayed on the screen. To understand this BIOS SOS code, a table was available on the Internet (www.computerhope.com / beep.htm). With these tables, you can limit the sources of error. If you want to ensure that components are damaged, you can use a diagnosis Card. This card is inserted into an empty slot on the motherboard and will display the error code in the form of numbers. A code table is used to find the faulty component.

12.4300 seconds

If all goes well, the computer reads only briefly and then look for a bootable operating system on the boot media. When an error occurs here, usually caused by the failure of the MBR (Master Boot Record). You can try to restore the system by running the Windows installation DVD. When a PC using Windows XP, booting with the CD is to install and run the "Repair Console". Then, run the command 'fixmbr' and restart. When using Vista, run the installation DVD and select the option "System Repair" in Setup. If this does not work, do the procedure as in XP and go to Repair Console. Then, run the command "bootrec / fixmbr".

If this method fails, do not immediately decide to reinstall. In Vista, a warning message NTLDR is often marked by the cursor on the screen with berkedipnya who is black. In this case, go to the Repair Console and give the following command:

c:

cd·boot

attrib·c:\boot\bcd·-s·-h·-r

ren·c:\boot\bcd·bcd.old

bootrec·/rebuild

When using Windows 7, you can enter a Bootable DVD and his right boot sector recovery through the Repair feature. Note the BIOS boot sequence correct. Here, IRQ19 will find the right system and run a real operating system.

Mac OS X with EFI-X module, you can install another system on your PC.

Manufacturers are less motivated by this BIOS successor. EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) has long been applied to the Mac computer, while sis where the PC is still limping along. Hardware vendors, MSI, has two new motherboards equipped with EFI. Meanwhile, the new ASUS video display only those concepts with EFI in November last. !

HOW TO BECOME A PC MAC:

With the EFI-X-Module (www.efi-x.com, about U.S. $ 200) you can use a new version of the BIOS. This module is a special internal USB-dongle that will outwit the computer so that the PC is considered as an Apple computer. Mac OS X can be ins tall on all PCs, although it is not available in EFI-BIOS. Without tricks like this, the installation will not succeed. EFI-X module requires specialized hardware, such as an Intel CPU. In addition, the required computer motherboard from Gigabyte or DFI should. For graphics cards, Nvidia or ATI will suffice. If you want to use the EFI-BIOS module on the USB port, you still require additional adapters that are easily available in computer stores. The price is approximately around U.S. $ 4. Now, you must be running Mac OS X from the installation DVD (www.apple.com). Done.

For information, EFI-X Firmware chip is easy to be updated. Update for the chip can be obtained on the Internet. Later, more hardware components that can be operated with the EFI chip.

Motherboard

The motherboard, or main board, is normally the first component to be installed in the case. All additional adapters will be installed directly on the motherboard, and storage device (drives) will be attached to it by wide ribbon cables. There are a dozen well-known motherboard manufacturers and hundreds of lesser-known brands. PCs are not named for their motherboards, but by their CPUs, such as Pentium 4 or Athlon. The CPU and the memory (RAM) require no connections to anything else in the case other than the motherboard, and can therefore be mounted on the motherboard before it is installed in the case. Not surprisingly, the motherboard is the largest component you will install in the case, and is often the most expensive.

The modern ATX (AT extension) motherboard provides many basic function: It passes power from the power supply to the installed adapters, CPU, and memory modules; provides connection ports for the keyboard, mouse and printer; and integrates all the supporting function necessary to make the CPU into a computer. Most jobs handled by the motherboard go on entirely in the background, transparent to the user and remarked on only if there is a problem. The motherboard function that you should always keep in mind when building your PC is that it acts as the communications infrastructure for the entire computer. The motherboard is crisscrossed by information superhighways, some as wide as 64 lanes, which move information and instructions from one component to another.

Motherboard

For example, to display a checkbook ledger stored on your system last week, the CPU (which does most of the decision making) asks the hard drive, via a motherboard superhighway, to send this information to immediate memory for use. The requested information is moved from the hard drive to the memory (RAM) via a motherboard superhighway, where the CPU operates on it via a special expressway and formats it for presentation. The information is then sent via another superhighway to the video adapter, which translates it into television-type signals for the monitor. You don't have to keep track of which superhighway, called a bus, is involved in every operation, but it is important to understand that the various push-together connections you will make to the motherboard form vital bridges for the information flow.

Manufacturers in a “reinventing the wheel” process do not design motherboards. The design of the motherboard is largely controlled by the choice of the chipset-the one or two highly integrated chips that support the CPU. Although the CPU can be seen as the decision maker, it doesn't actually carry out the policing of all the motherboard superhighways (and back roads) by itself. The chipset handles all the support functions for the motherboard largely in automatic mode, just like nervous system of the human body maintains our vital function even while we sleep. The level of support offered by the chipset defines the capabilities that can be built into the motherboard, including what speeds will be possible for the CPU and memory. There are far fewer chipset manufacturers than motherboard manufacturers, and CPU manufacturers always design a companion chipset of their own to go with their CPUs.

Promotional Clocks Are Essential Tools In The Office

Promotional clocks essential office tools - promotional clocks are essential tools in the office. Most people know exactly what the clock in their workplace or den looks like because they look at it so often. Everyone in the office looks at the clock regularly, not only to know what time it is, but sometimes to eagerly await the end of the day, or to anticipate the next meeting or appointment.

Imagine how recognizable your logo will be when everyone in a client' s office sees it every time they look at the clock, again and again and again. - wherever people are, they need to know what time it is. Clocks are a completely practical item that nearly every room in a building needs. Most of the time a clock face is blank, but you can capitalize on this very easily. There are different types of promotional clocks that can be used for promotions, ranging from wristwatches to high end desk clocks. By putting your logo or message on the clock face, your exposure is multiplied immeasurably, as you recall, because, people look at the clock multiple times a day. Inexpensive digital wristwatches can be purchased with your company' s logo right on the face, to always remind the wearer of your message.

Small desk clocks can also be customized to your desired logo and can be relatively inexpensive. - this can be given away at trade shows, in company gift baskets, or just in the lobby of your business. Likewise, these can be distributed in the same ways. These can also be items for giveaway at trade shows and conventions, and can possibly even be sold for a modest fee on a company' s website. Wall clocks are perhaps the most effective form of promotional clock, seen by the most people the most often. Another option is to commission a few high end mantle clocks with a tasteful and classy version of your logo on the face of the clock.

If these items are handsome enough, many people will examine them, and sign up, your logo included to win them. - these can used as promotional contest items within your company or on the outside. Much attention will be paid to these clocks and your message will be inspected meticulously. The clock is perhaps the most looked at object in the office and the home, so any company would be wise to take advantage of that amount of face time. The winner of the clock will proudly display it, in their home, and your message or office with pride, adding even further credibility to your quality product. The clock face is virtually a miniature billboard right there in the office and at home, not often taken advantage of.

This, means something that, of course is seen and paid attention to. - promotional items come in all shapes and sizes, but perhaps the most useful item you can select is one that people need and use already. A clock is perfect promotional item for any company that wants their message to be seen again and again.

Benefits of the Large Necklace

Many ladies with larger busts would love to take the focus off that area. Well I'm here to help. By wearing this years fashionable larger necklaces we can do just that. Now for the psychology! The Titchener Illusion is displayed in the image here. Which sphere looks the smaller? The one on the left. In fact both are exactly the same size! Your perception is influenced by the surrounding spheres. Translating that into Fashion, wearing larger jewellery 1) gives the illusion of a smaller bust and 2) takes the focus away from the area. Great to know all those years studying psychology didn't go to waste!!

Defining Curative Yoga

More often than not, the western world practices yoga as yet another form of exercise, without evaluating the underlying theory behind this popular program. During yoga the physical self amalgamates with the conscious and liberates from the boundaries of space and time. Hence, the yogic philosophy gyrates around the concept of cause-effect relationship i.e. Karma and Reincarnation. A divine science that originated in 3000 B.C.,and documented in the Upanishads.

Is yoga exclusively an exercise extracted from the East? Or it has an essential purpose and meaning in our lives?

Yogic exercises expel the poisonous substances from the body, and purifies the body, mind and consciousness. Curative yoga activates the energy that has languished and accumulated in the body, responsible for developing diseases. It liberates the torpid energy and balances the neuro-hormones and body metabolism. Furthermore, it improves the health of body organs and systems essential for vigorous life. It is a wholesome form of exercise that connects the body, mind and consciousness; enhances concentration; cures diseases and regresses the aging process.

Warrior, corpse, camel, locust; dog face down, anulom vilom and west posture are few yogic exercises that helps improves circulation, cardiovascular function and cures respiratory diseases.

Since, these exercise positions concentrate on squatting on hand, which assists in toning the muscles of the back, arms, abdomen and legs. Consequently, improving the digestive system, aids in weight loss and makes the body supple and flexible.

Enroll in a yoga class and drive soak up the benefits of this holistic healing process.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Gunjan_Massey

History Of Computers

The history of computing hardware is the record of the constant drive to make computer hardware faster, cheaper, and store more data.Before the development of the general-purpose computer, most calculations were done by humans. Tools to help humans calculate are generally called calculators. Calculators continue to develop, but computers add the critical element of conditional response, allowing automation of both numerical calculation and in general, automation of many symbol-manipulation tasks. Computer hasundergone profound changes every decade since the 1940s.Computing hardware has become a platform for uses other than computation, such as automation, communication, control, entertainment, and education. Each field in turn has imposed its own requirements on the hardware, which has evolved in response to those requirements.Aside from written numerals, the first aids to computation were purely mechanical devices that required the operator to set up the initial values of an elementary arithmetic operation, then propel the device through manual manipulations to obtain the result. An example would be a slide rule where numbers are represented by points on a logarithmic scale and computation is performed by setting a cursor and aligning sliding scales. Numbers could be represented in a continuous "analog" form, where a length or other physical property was proportional to the number. Or, numbers could be represented in the form of digits, automatically manipulated by a mechanism. Although this approach required more complex mechanisms, it made for greater precision of results.Both analog and digital mechanical techniques to be developed, producing many practical computing machines. Electrical methods rapidly improved the speed and precision of calculating machines, at first by motive power for mechanical calculating devices, and later directly as the medium for representation of numbers. Numbers could be represented by voltages or currents and manipulated by linear electronic amplifiers. Or, numbers could be represented as discrete binary or decimal digits, and electrically-controlled switches and combinatorial circuits could perform mathematical operations.The invention of electronic amplifiers made calculating machines much faster than mechanical or electromechanical predecessors. Vacuum tube amplifiers gave way to discrete transistors, and then rapidly to monolithic integrated circuits. By defeating the Tyranny of numbers, integrated circuits made high-speed and low-cost digital computers a widespread commodity.This article covers major developments in the history of computing hardware, and attempts to put them in context. For a detailed timeline of events, see the computing timeline article. The history of computing article treats methods intended for pen and paper, with or without the aid of tables. Since all computers rely on digital storage, and tend to be limited by the size and speed of memory, the history of computer data.